Pulmonology is a field of medicine that studies and treats the diseases and conditions that involve the systems that are part of the respiratory tract. It is a sub-speciality of internal medicine, and often involves the management of patients that require life support and ventilation. People trained in pulmonology will be able to identify and treat conditions that involve the chest, especially, asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, tuberculosis, infections, etc. There are sometimes surgical methods that need to happen of the respiratory tract and this is generally performed by a cardiothoracic surgeon. Physicians in the speciality are usually involved in critical care. The study of the changes, functions, and diseases related to infants, children, or adolescents is known as pediatric medicine. This speciality of medicine can be surgical or nonsurgical. Due to the tremendous amount of variation, in anatomy and underlying conditions, pediatric medicine is a medical field with a huge amount of scope. Due to the absolute difference in the physiology of the patients in comparison to those of adults, a physician should keep in mind to take that into account, while diagnosis, treatment, and management of conditions. It also impacts, the pharmacokinetic properties that different drugs that are prescribed for various diseases. Pediatric patients absorb, distribute, metabolize and eliminate medicine differently. Respiratory diseases and the systems happen quite often in kids owing to their lack of immunity and their changing anatomy. Due to this there also is a possibility intense research that is required in this field of medicine to be conducted. 
The course holds a hands-on approach to the study and understanding of the course and the necessity of learning the requirements for treatment. The importance of this subspeciality is to help in conditions that include, wheezing in small children, caring for children with recurrent or chronic respiratory infections, chronic coughs in children, conditions such as cystic fibrosis in children, conditions needing ventilator support in children, also for children that need organ support for multi-organ dysfunction, those with complex asthma or having to manage asthma, also for those with systemic disease and complications with pulmonary organs, children with chronic respiratory failure for long term ventilator support, children that suffer from sleep-disordered breathing problems, pulmonary tuberculosis, interstitial lung disease in children, hypoventilation syndromes that occur in children. There are certain diagnostic studies involved in the course such as flexible bronchoscopy, sweat chloride, full pediatric pulmonary function test and exercise challenge testing, diagnostic sleep study, collaborating with pediatric genetics for evaluation of rare lung diseases in children. Students having completed the course are expected to be able to manage acute and chronic respiratory problems with an emphasis on bronchial asthma and tuberculosis. Being able to do interpret pulmonary function tests, being able to interpret and diagnose FeNO and nasal NO, performing sweat chloride tests, interpret chest X-rays and CT scans, and being able to perform flexible bronchoscopy.
The Doctor of Medicine - Pediatric Pulmonology is a post-graduate specialization that students with minimum eligibility for a medicinal certification from a recognized central or state board. The course offers tremendous scope as job opportunities where graduates can work as pulmonologists or pulmonary physicians in government and private health care institutions. One can also take up work serving as a physician for post-operative treatment and rehabilitation.