Urology also known as genitourinary surgery  is the branch of medicine and physiology  that is concerned with the functions and the disorders of the urinary system.  kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis) are main organs which are operated under Urology. Urology basically operates under 2 domains  which can be classified as management of medical( non-surgical) along with management of surgical conditions (surgical). Urology deals with some sensitive parts of health such as sexual function, fertility, urinary continence and gender identity.Urological procedures comprise of essential laparoscopic surgery,laser assisted surgeries,robotic and other scope-guided procedures.Urologists pursue their training in open and essential surgical procedures along with real time ultrasound guidance, fiber optic endoscopic equipment and  various lasers in the treatment of multiple benign and malignant conditions. Urology is firmly associated with (Urologits mostly collude with the practitioners of)oncology, nephrology, gynaecology, andrology, pediatric surgery, colorectal surgery, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. Urology is one of the most competitive and highly sought surgical specialties for physicians, with new urologists comprising less than 1.5% of United States medical-school graduates each year.Urologist as stated above also deal with sensitive parts of health , are well trained in having  complex quality life conversations and delivering compassionate care. Urologits are  surgeons, urological residency involves rigorous surgically trainings and they are the experts at operating various structures within the pelvis.Urolgy has a high degree of procedural variation. In-office vasectomy that can be done in like 30 mins and bladder reconstruction which may take several hours. Urologists that practice in the academic settings  focus on research , teaching residence and take care of patients inside and outside operating room. 
After four years of medical school urology residency is of 5-6 years depending on the program. In the first year of residency also known as the intern year , fundamental operating skills are developed in an individual but the majority of the time will be spend on how to manage floor patients. As a PGY2  ang PGY3 meaning your post graduate year 2 & 3, one is an urology junior resident who will be seeing the patients coming from the emergency departments with patients on the urology floor along with some smaller cases. As a PGY4-PGY5 student becomes a senior resident who will be majorly spending time in operating rooms , on larger open cases like kidney transplants  along with reconstructive and oncologic cases and mastering the surgical robot. 
After successfully completeing residency program, many urologists choose to undergo further advanced training in a subspecialty area of expertise through a fellowship lasting an additional 12 to 36 months. Subspecialties comprises of :, urologic oncology urologic surgery, and urologic oncological surgery, endourology and endourologic surgery, urogynecology and urogynecologic surgery, reconstructive urologic surgery (a form of reconstructive surgeryessential urologic surgery, pediatric urology and pediatric urologic surgery (including adolescent urology, the treatment of premature or delayed puberty, and the treatment of congenital urological syndromes, malformations, and deformations), transplant urology (the field of transplant medicine and surgery concerned with transplantation of organs such as the kidneys, bladder tissue, ureters, and, recently, penises), , neurourology, voiding dysfunction, androurology, paruresis, and and sexual medicine. Also, some urologists additive  their fellowships with a master's degree (2–3 years) or with a Ph.D. (4–6 years) in related topics to prepare them for academic as well as focused clinical employment.